Sand calculator
How-to

How to backwash a sand filter, and when

Backwashing runs water backward through the sand bed to flush out the dirt it has caught. Done at the right time it keeps the filter working and the sand lasting. Done too often it just wastes water.

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Updated October 12, 2026Research based, not hands-on testing

FILTERBACKWASHTO WASTE
Fig. 1 In filter mode water runs down through the sand. In backwash mode it runs up through the bed, lifting the dirt and carrying it out to waste.

Short answer

Backwash when the pressure gauge reads 6 to 8 psi above your clean reading (Hayward’s figure; Inyo Pools says about 10). With the pump off, set the valve to BACKWASH, run the pump about 2 minutes or until the sight glass runs clear, turn it off, set RINSE for 30 seconds to a minute, then back to FILTER. Always turn the pump off before moving the valve handle.

When to backwash

0102030405060PSICLEAN: NOTE IT+6 TO 8 PSI: BACKWASH
Fig. 2 Write down the reading with clean sand. Backwash when the needle sits 6 to 8 psi higher.

Right after the sand is fresh or freshly backwashed, read the gauge with the pump running and write it down: that is your clean pressure. It varies from pool to pool. Hayward’s manual says to backwash when the gauge is 6 to 8 psi (0.41 to 0.55 bar) higher than that. Inyo Pools uses about 10 psi for the Pentair Triton II. Follow your own filter’s manual where it gives a figure.

How to backwash, step by step

  1. Turn the pump off

    Never move the multiport handle with the pump running. It can damage the valve’s spider gasket.

  2. Roll out the backwash hose

    Connect a backwash hose to the waste port if you use one, and route it where the water can drain legally and safely.

  3. Set the valve to BACKWASH

    Press the handle down and turn it to BACKWASH.

  4. Run the pump

    Start the pump and watch the sight glass or the hose. The water runs cloudy, then clears. Hayward says about 2 minutes or less.

  5. Turn the pump off

    Stop the pump before you touch the handle again.

  6. Set RINSE and run it briefly

    Turn to RINSE and run the pump for about 30 seconds to a minute. This resettles the bed and sends the leftover dirty water to waste.

  7. Back to FILTER

    Pump off, set FILTER, start the pump, and check that the gauge is back near your clean reading. Top up the pool if the level dropped.

FILTERBACKWASHRINSEWASTERECIRCULATECLOSEDPUMP OFF BEFORE TURNING
Fig. 3 A six position multiport valve. Backwash and rinse are two steps apart; always stop the pump before turning.

What each valve position does

Backwash and rinse are two of six settings on most multiport valves. Waste, recirculate and closed have their own jobs: see sand filter valve settings.

Troubleshooting

ProblemLikely causeWhat to do
Sand in the backwash waterFines after a fresh fill, or a cracked lateralA little after a fill is normal; lots, or sand in the pool, needs a check
Pressure stays high after backwashOily or caked sand, closed return, stuck gaugeCheck valves, swap the gauge, consider fresh sand
Backwash needed every few daysAlgae, heavy debris, or worn sandClear the water first; if it persists, see how often to change sand
Water leaks from waste line in FILTER modeWorn spider gasket in the valveReplace the gasket or the valve

More causes in Leslie’s troubleshooting guide, and in our guides to sand in the pool and when to change the sand.

What you need

  • Backwash hose to route waste waterFind it
  • Pressure gauge replace a stuck or foggy oneFind it

Questions people ask

How often should I backwash my sand filter?

By pressure, not by calendar. Note the gauge reading when the sand is clean, and backwash when it rises 6 to 8 psi above that. After algae, heavy storms or a big opening clean-up you may need to backwash more often for a while.

How long should I backwash a sand filter?

Hayward says about 2 minutes or less, depending on how dirty the filter is, until the water in the sight glass is clear. Running it much longer mostly wastes water.

Why do I need to rinse after backwashing?

Rinse resettles the sand bed and flushes the dirty water left in the tank out to waste instead of back into the pool. Hayward says to run rinse for about 1/2 to 1 minute.

Can I backwash too much?

Backwashing more often than the pressure calls for sends pool water to waste and adds wear on the valve for no gain. Wait for the 6 to 8 psi rise.

Why does my pressure stay high after backwashing?

The sand may be bound with oils and scale, the return line may be partly closed, or the gauge may be stuck. If clean pressure keeps creeping up season to season, the sand may be due for replacement.

Sources

  1. Hayward S200 high-rate sand filter owner’s manual (maker PDF, hosted by The Pool Factory)
  2. Inyo Pools, How to replace the sand in a Pentair Triton II side valve sand filter
  3. Leslie’s, How to troubleshoot the most common sand pool filter problems

Last reviewed October 12, 2026. Sand amounts and listings change; check your filter’s label or manual before you buy, and follow the maker’s instructions.